Receding Gums Symptoms
A condition where the gum tissue pulls away from the surface of the tooth leaving the roots exposed, receding gums is amongst the more common dental conditions. A form of periodontal (gum) disease, receding gums is a consequence of poor oral hygiene and could lead to tooth loss. Treatments are available depending on the severity of the condition and the earlier the condition is diagnosed, the better.
Receding Gums Symptoms
Gum recession is a progressive condition that occurs gradually over time. In the initial stage of gum recession, patients are often asymptomatic and therefore unaware they have the condition. As gum recession progresses, symptoms may include:
- Bleeding gums after flossing or brushing
- Redness and swelling in the gums
- Bad breath
- Foul taste in the mouth
- Pain at the gumline
As the condition progresses further, additional symptoms may be noticed including:
- Long Teeth: As gum tissue shrinks away from the teeth, the teeth will appear visibly longer than they normally would as more of their surface area is exposed. This can result in a “toothy” smile that is aesthetically unpleasing.
- Exposed Tooth Roots: Exposed roots are another common symptom of gum recession that can lead to extreme sensitivity and discomfort. Commonly a sign of periodontal disease, exposed roots can also be attributed to overaggressive tooth brushing or using a hard-bristled toothbrush.
- Loose Teeth: Periodontal disease and bacteria under the gumline can damage the structures that hold the teeth in place. As the gums recede further, gum pockets get deeper and the teeth will loosen with the reduced support.
Gum Recession Causes and Risk Factors
Periodontal disease, including receding gums, is so prevalent, that The California Dental Association estimates 75% of the population have some form of the disease. Periodontal disease develops as gingivitis progresses. As bacterial plaque accumulates on the teeth and gums, the structures are damaged, pockets can form between the gums and teeth, and additional plaque can accumulate.
While periodontal disease is the primary cause of gum recession, other factors can contribute to its development including:
- Overaggressive toothbrushing
- Tartar buildup (hardened plaque)
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Hormonal changes in women
- Genetics – family history
- Diabetes
- HIV
Certain medications can also contribute to gum recession because of their tendencies to cause dry mouth. When a patient has dry mouth, the amount of saliva in the mouth is not optimal. Without inadequate saliva, the tissues in the mouth can be vulnerable to injury and infection.
Gum recession is not a normal part of aging despite the fact that it is most common in patients 40 years old or more. Additionally, men have a higher rate of developing gum recession than women.
Diagnosis
Periodontal disease such as receding gums can be diagnosed through a physical examination by a dentist. Gum pocket depth can be measured using a probe and based on standards from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, pockets should normally be between 1-3 millimeters. Depths over 3 millimeters are considered to be a sign of gum disease and could necessitate a referral to a periodontist for further evaluation and treatment.