Periodontal disease causes inflammation in the gums. It is primarily caused by plaque buildup along the gumline that contains bacteria. If you leave periodontal disease untreated, it can lead to tooth loss and systemic health complications. The disease develops in stages, becoming more severe over time.
Stage 1: Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the mildest and earliest form of periodontal disease. Poor oral hygiene, smoking, some medications, hormonal changes, and plaque accumulation usually cause gingivitis. The symptoms associated with gingivitis are tender, swollen, and red gums. Bleeding when you floss and brush, and persistent bad breath are also signs. Key characteristics are no bone or connective tissue loss and inflamed gums. Improved oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings can completely reverse gingivitis. Daily brushing and flossing will help prevent gingivitis. This will also be very important for your overall health.
Stage 2: Early Periodontitis
Early periodontitis occurs when gingivitis is left untreated, and inflammation spreads below the gumline. If periodontitis is not managed, plaque will continue to accumulate, and the bacteria will reach periodontal pockets. Periodontal disease has moved to the next stage when you notice increased gum bleeding, shallow periodontal pockets, and gum recession. This is a serious stage since early loss of bone and connective tissue can occur, and the gums start pulling away from teeth. A professional deep cleaning is needed, and improved oral care will help the condition, but bone loss is permanent.
Stage 3: Moderate Periodontitis
Moderate periodontitis shows as a more advanced stage with noticeable damage to the supporting structures of the teeth. At this severe level of periodontitis, your teeth will become loose with deeper periodontal pockets, you will notice more severe gum recession with exposed tooth roots, and feel more sensitivity and discomfort. Besides significant bone loss, infection spreads deeper into tissues. Scaling will be needed, more frequent visits to your dentist, and antibiotics might also be needed.
Stage 4: Advanced Periodontitis
The most serious stage of periodontal disease causes teeth to shift, and severe bone and tissue loss. Other serious symptoms of advanced periodontitis are that the formation of an abscess increases, and chewing becomes painful. At this level of periodontitis, there is advanced destruction of bone and ligaments. All these symptoms can cause serious overall health problems. There are several treatment options available when you are at this level of periodontitis. Surgical options like flap surgery and bone grafts are available. At this level, the damage is irreversible, and you need to focus on disease control and preserving as many teeth as possible.
Reach out for support
There are several stages of periodontal disease, from mild inflammation to severe tissue destruction and bone loss. Good oral hygiene and regular visits to your dentist can prevent or slow progression. Visiting your dentist every six months and getting X-rays once a year will help maintain good oral health. If you have any questions or concerns, we are here to help. Don’t hesitate to get in touch with our office for an appointment.
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