When a tooth needs to be removed, dentists will usually consider two approaches: simple or surgical extraction. A simple extraction is the most common type, and it’s typically used when the tooth is fully visible and can be easily reached. This procedure is straightforward, low in discomfort, and performed right in the dental office. If your dentist has recommended a simple extraction, understanding the steps involved can help you feel more prepared.
When Is a Simple Extraction Needed?
There are several reasons a dentist might suggest removing a tooth. Decay, infection, trauma, or overcrowding are all common causes. In some cases, a tooth that’s structurally sound may still be extracted if it's interfering with other treatments, such as orthodontics. If the tooth is not impacted and is above the gumline, your dentist will likely choose a simple extraction.
Step-by-Step Overview of the Procedure
The process begins with numbing the area. Your dentist will apply a local anesthetic to ensure that you won’t feel pain during the extraction. This may start with a topical gel to numb the surface of the gum before the injection is given. This step helps minimize discomfort from the needle itself.
Once the area is numb, the dentist begins the extraction. Two tools are used: an elevator and a forceps. The elevator is inserted between the tooth and the surrounding bone to help loosen the tooth and widen the socket. This makes the removal smoother and less forceful.
Next, the forceps are used to grasp the tooth. The dentist gently rocks the tooth back and forth to separate it from the periodontal ligaments that anchor it in place. You’ll likely feel some pressure during this part, but the anesthesia ensures that it isn’t painful. Once the tooth is loosened enough, it is lifted out of the socket and removed.
Optional Step: Ridge Preservation
If you plan to replace the tooth later with a bridge or implant, your dentist may perform a ridge preservation. This step helps maintain the shape of the jawbone by placing a bone graft in the empty socket. It helps prevent the bone from shrinking and makes future restoration easier. Not all extractions require this step, but it’s common when a replacement is being considered.
Final Step: Controlling Bleeding and Aftercare
After the tooth is out, gauze is placed over the site to help stop the bleeding. You’ll be asked to bite down gently to apply pressure. Once the bleeding is under control, your dentist will go over aftercare instructions. These usually include what to eat, how to clean your mouth, and what to avoid during healing. Following these directions closely will help reduce discomfort and speed up recovery.
What to Expect Overall
The entire procedure typically takes less than an hour, and most people recover within a few days. A simple extraction is one of the least invasive dental surgeries and is done with your comfort in mind. If you’ve been scheduled for one, ask your dentist to walk you through their process so you know exactly what to expect.