If a tooth needs removal, a dentist will determine whether a simple or surgical extraction is necessary. A simple extraction is the most common type, and it’s typically performed when the tooth is fully visible and can be easily reached. This procedure is straightforward, low in discomfort, and performed right in the dental office.
When Is a Simple Extraction Needed?
There are several reasons a dentist might suggest removing a tooth. These may include:
- Decay
- Infection
- Trauma
- Overcrowding
In some cases, a tooth that’s structurally sound may still be extracted if it interferes with other treatments (such as orthodontics). If the tooth is not impacted and is above the gumline, your dentist will likely choose a simple extraction.
The Simple Extraction Procedure
The process begins with numbing the area. Your dentist will apply a local anesthetic to ensure that you won’t feel pain during the extraction. This may start with a topical gel to numb the surface of the gum before the injection is given. This helps to minimize discomfort from the needle itself. Once the area is numb, your dentist will begin the tooth extraction process.
Two tools are used during a simple extraction: an elevator and forceps. The elevator is inserted between the tooth and the surrounding bone to help loosen the tooth and widen the socket. This makes the removal smoother.
Next, the forceps are used to grasp the tooth. Your dentist will gently rock the tooth back and forth to separate it from the periodontal ligaments that anchor it in place. You’ll likely feel some pressure during this part, but the anesthesia helps to ensure it isn’t painful. Once the tooth is loosened enough, it is lifted out of the socket and removed.
Optional Step: Ridge Preservation
If you plan to replace the tooth later with a bridge or implant, your dentist may perform a ridge preservation. This process helps to maintain the shape of the jawbone by placing a bone graft in the empty socket. It helps prevent the bone from shrinking and makes future restoration easier.
Not all extractions require this step, but it’s common when a tooth replacement is being considered.
Controlling Bleeding After the Extraction and Aftercare
After the tooth is removed, gauze is placed over the site to help stop the bleeding. You’ll be asked to bite down gently to apply pressure. Once the bleeding is under control, your dentist will go over aftercare instructions. These usually include what to eat, how to clean your mouth, and what to avoid during healing. It’s important to follow these instructions to reduce discomfort and encourage proper healing.
What Should I Expect?
The entire procedure typically takes less than an hour, and most people recover within a few days. A simple extraction is one of the least invasive dental surgeries and is done with your comfort in mind. If you’ve been scheduled for one, ask your dentist to walk you through their process so you know exactly what to expect.